«Le soin apporté aux personnes à la rue n’est pas seulement affaire de conscience personnelle ou de relation interpersonnelle. Il est distribué entre les opérations coordonnées d’une multiplicité d’acteurs, incorporé à des arrangements situationnels faits d’objets, de procédures et de règlements, soutenu par différents dispositifs techniques, juridiques ou organisationnels et, au-delà, porté par des politiques publiques. Il est tendu entre les injonctions d’un double point de vue. Premier point: en mettant en évidence la part souvent invisible et « inestimable » du travail des intervenants de l’urgence sociale, bénévoles ou professionnels, difficilement codifiables dans les grilles d’analyse ou dans les cursus de formation, il contribue à faire reconnaître le travail accompli sur le terrain et à améliorer les normes de qualité des soins. (…) [Deuxième point,] la politique sociale, adressée au public des sans-abri, doit être étudiée d’en bas, en convergence avec les recherches de science politique sur l’État au concret ou en action» (Cefaï, 2012: 52-3).
Arquivo da Categoria: Citations
DANASWAC
DANASWAC | Discourse And Narrative Approaches to Social Work And Counselling
___________________
Themes of the DANASWAC to research, writing and practice are:
- Seeing the entities as social constructed rather than ready formed
- Importance of a focus on everyday practices, drawing on traditions of discourse and narrative theory and research
- Promoting discourse, narrative and ethnographic approaches in social work research, practice and education
- Promoting a dialogue between ideas and evidence, when research data in being analysing
- Research to address the dilemmas of practitioners and clients, concerned to identify, examine and debate what is seen as ‘good practice’ and ‘success’ as well as ‘mistakes’ and ‘traps’
- Widen what counts as ‘evidence’ in assessing practice
- Influenced by constructionist and interactional theories, promoting dialogues between clients and professionals in agencies in which there is dialogue between workers and managers, and educators and students
- Assisting practitioners to describe and publicly present their work in their own words, thus resisting formats which restrict workers from discovering their own practice
- Assisting clients to give a voice to points of view
- Encourage practitioners and clients to become researchers to overcome the distinctions between researchers and subjects of research, as well as supporting research at a distant where appropriate
- Promote multi-disciplinary and multi-professional discussions to generate new ideas
- Promoting international collaboration
- Appréhender les entités/objets du monde comme des constructions sociales plutôt que les chosifier comme des données immédiates
- Porter attention aux pratiques quotidiennes, au moyen d’approches discursives et narratives
- Promouvoir les approches discursives, narratives et ethnographiques dans la recherche, la pratique et la formation en Travail social
- Ancrer les théories dans des données empiriques
- Aborder les dilemmes des praticiens et des usagers, en vue d’identifier, d’étudier et de débattre ce qui est considéré comme une « bonne pratique » et une « réussite », mais aussi une « erreur » et un « échec »
- Consolider ce qui compte comme « évidence / preuve / donnée factuelle » dans les pratiques évaluatives
- Promouvoir le dialogue entre usagers et professionnels au sein des dispositifs, entre travailleurs sociaux et décideurs au sein des organisations, entre professeurs et étudiants, en s’appuyant sur les théories interactionnelles et constructivistes
- Soutenir les praticiens engagés dans la description et la présentation publique de leur travail dans leur propre langage, de manière à résister aux formats/approches imposés qui limitent les démarches de découverte des travailleurs sociaux portant sur leurs propres pratiques
- Appuyer les usagers afin qu’ils fassent entendre leurs voix et leurs points de vue
- Encourager les praticiens et les usagers à devenir des chercheurs de manière à dépasser les distinctions entre enquêteurs et sujets enquêtés, tout en soutenant des recherches distanciées chaque fois que nécessaire
- Promouvoir des discussions multidisciplinaires et multi-professionnelles en vue de générer des idées et des théories nouvelles
- Promouvoir la collaboration internationale
«This book (…) focuses on the ways social workers carry out their work in everyday organisational conversations with clients and other professionnals, and provides tools to analyse these conversations in great details» (Hall et al., 2014: 1-2).
___________________
___________________
Our «(…) interest is turned to the everyday practices of social work in which client categories are produced, maintained, modified and broken» (Hall et al., 2003: 13).
«Social constructionism, especially in the ethnomethodologically tuned traditions presented in this book, deals with the study of interaction (…). The study of interaction from the angle of constructing social reality brings into focus the use of language» (Hall et al., 2003: 17).
Participação do GEACC no 13º Encontro DANASWAC (Tampere, 08-11 Agosto 2016) –> Link
Etnometodologia & Análise da Conversa (Watson & Gastaldo, 2015)
«Muitos etnógrafos na sociologia e antropologia convencionais estudam comunidades epistêmicas sem entender o saber epistêmico que informa o trabalho daquela comunidade. Consequentemente, esses(as) observadores(as) não podem observar adequadamente a comunidade que estudam, a não ser como outsiders, observadores(as) por fora da situação. Para estar por dentro da situação deve-se dominar os saberes internos envolvidos nela. Esse domínio inclui o uso apropriado de conceitos usados pelo grupo, o domínio do jargão profissional, gírias locais, e assim por diante. O ponto de vista outsider de um observador que não é competente (…) explica por que há tantos estudos de identidades ocupacionais, de atitudes para com a família, atitudes para com os clientes etc. – tudo, exceto o próprio cerne da atividade laboral em si mesma, a performance hábil das tarefas que efetivamente constituem a ocupação. Parte desse deslocamento deve-se à confiança exagerada dos(as) sociólogos(as) em entrevistas [ou, pior ainda, em questionários], isto é, em reconstruções fora de contexto sobre as atividades que compõem o universo laboral» (Watson & Gastaldo, 2015: 82).
«(…) logo depois do surgimento da EM [EtnoMetodologia], em fins dos anos de 1960, foi criada a mais proeminente e vigorosa abordagem da família etnometodológica, herdeira de sua mentalidade analítica, a Análise da Conversa (AC). (…) A Análise da Conversa conquistou o mundo tanto nas ciências sociais quanto (talvez até mais) na Linguística e em áreas ligadas a ela, como os estudos de comunicação, análises de discurso de diferentes matizes e áreas disciplinares de fronteira, como a Sociolinguística Interacional. Uma das provas de como a AC se tornou influente no campo da linguística é que um artigo (…), escrito por Sacks, Schegloff e Jefferson (1974) e publicado na revista Language, um das mais importantes na sua área, veio a se tornar o artigo mais citado e referido de toda a longa história do periódico» (Watson & Gastaldo, 2015: 87).
Notas de leitura / Corpo de citações –> Link
____________
Análise Social, nº215 | Rodrigues & Binet, 2015
________
«Na observação “naturalista” de interações conversacionais, registadas nos seus contextos vulgares de ocorrência, como no caso do presente estudo (…), a obtenção do consentimento dos interactantes, técnicos e utentes dos serviços sociais, leva os investigadores a enfrentar o chamado paradoxo do observador: como observar, sem ou com poucas interferências, o “normal” desenrolar das interações estudadas, sem, no entanto, deixar de obter o devido consentimento informado de todos?» (Rodrigues & Binet, 2015: 279-280).
Analysing Social Work Communication: Discourse in Practice (Hall et al., 2014)
«(…) research methodologies and methods have advanced considerably. These approaches have a number of advantages over traditional research methods. First, they examine actual interactions in social work settings, not participants’ recollections of social work practice. Second, they are inductive, developing findings from data rather than seeking to confirm preformed hypotheses. Third, they concentrate on detailed and rigorous analysis and can be applied to small as well as larger data sets. Fourth, the display of actual encounters means that practitioners and service users can readily identify with the data examined and engage with the analysis» (Hall et al., 2014: 3).
________
Gerald de Montigny: um novo parceiro
É com grande satisfação que venho anunciar que Gerald de Montigny aceitou o nosso convite e passou a integrar o Conselho Científico Internacional do nosso Programa de Doutoramento em Serviço social (ISSSL-ULL & CLISSIS), para colaborar, em estreita ligação com o GEACC, no desenvolvimento da Etnometodologia e da Análise Conversacional no seio da investigação em Serviço Social.
Uma palavra especial de agradecimento ao Filipe Duarte, Assistente Social, doutorando na Carleton University, que facilitou o contacto entre Gerald de Montigny e o GEACC.
__________
«Garfinkel’s (2002: 171) caution “not to decide in advance what the phenomenon consists of on the basis of prior formal analytic studies” should be canonical for social workers» (Gerald de Montigny, 2013: 146).
«For social workers the implication of using EM [ethnomethodology] in research and in frontline analytic practice is that clients’ everyday work to create order and sense can be recognized, honored and respected. Further, EM creates an opening for social workers to examine the ways that their own taken-for-granted practices work to produce and reproduce professional and organizational realities (Boden, 1994; Drew and Heritage, 1992)» (Gerald de Montigny, 2007: 99).
___
CCO | Communicative Constitution of Organizations
Conversation Analysis (CA): the dominant approach to the study of human social interaction
«The field of Conversation Analysis (CA) began with just three people, Emanuel Schegloff, Harvey Sacks and Gail Jefferson. It grew, as many new enterprises do, out of a dissatisfaction with the methodologies and theories of the time, as they pertained to everyday social behavior. Forty years later, CA is the dominant approach to the study of human social interaction across the disciplines of Sociology, Linguistics and Communication. The most recent international conference on Conversation Analysis (ICCA – 2010) boasted more than 600 attendees. CA publications are estimated to be over 5,000 in number and growing rapidly. In short, CA in the 21st century represents a rich and vibrant community of international scholars working across a wide range of languages, institutional and ordinary contexts, and disciplinary boundaries» (Sidnell & Stivers, 2013: 1).
Fonte: Sidnell, J. & Stivers, T. eds., 2013. Introduction. In The Handbook of Conversation Analysis. Malden / Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 1–8.